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*.o
libreadopt.a
libreadopt.so
test/test
test/*.o
.ninja_deps
.ninja_log
test/.ninja_deps
test/.ninja_log

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(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.

52
Makefile Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
CC = cc
MACROS = -DNDEBUG
CFLAGS = $(MACROS) --std=c99 -O2 -g -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -fPIC
PREFIX = /usr/local/
LIB = $(PREFIX)/lib/
INCLUDE = $(PREFIX)/include/
SOURCES = $(wildcard ./*.c)
OBJECTS = $(SOURCES:.c=.o)
HEADERS = $(wildcard ./*.h)
STATICTARGET = libreadopt.a
SHAREDTARGET = libreadopt.so
AR = ar -rcs --
RM = rm -f --
CP = cp --
MKDIR = mkdir -p --
all: $(STATICTARGET) $(SHAREDTARGET)
%.o: %.c
$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $<
$(STATICTARGET): $(OBJECTS)
$(AR) $@ $^
$(SHAREDTARGET): $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) --shared $^ -o $@
install: staticinstall sharedinstall
staticinstall: $(STATICTARGET)
$(MKDIR) $(DESTDIR)$(LIB)
$(CP) $^ $(DESTDIR)$(LIB)
$(MKDIR) $(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDE)
$(CP) $(HEADERS) $(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDE)
sharedinstall: $(SHAREDTARGET)
$(MKDIR) $(DESTDIR)$(LIB)
$(CP) $^ $(DESTDIR)$(LIB)
$(MKDIR) $(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDE)
$(CP) $(HEADERS) $(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDE)
clean:
$(RM) $(OBJECTS) $(STATICTARGET) $(SHAREDTARGET)
format:
clang-format -i -- $(SOURCES) $(HEADERS)
.PHONY: clean install staticinstall sharedinstall format

46
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# readopt
## Overview
This is an option parsing library.
The following option formats are recognized:
* `-f`
* `-fvalue`
* `-f value`
* `-asdf` (grouped short options)
* `-asdfvalue`
* `-asdf value`
* `--file`
* `--file value`
* `--file=value`
* `-f value1 -f value2 ...` (multiple values are represented in an array)
* `-f value1 operand1 -f value2 operand2` (operands intermixed with options)
It permutes `argv` to handle multiple values for each option and to assign
values to operands.
`mdoc(7)` `SYNOPSIS` sections and plaintext usage messages can be generated as
well (via `readoptPutUsage`).
An example can be found in `test/test.c`.
## Building
Build and install the library by either using
```
$ ninja
# ninja install
```
or
```
$ make
# make install
```
By default, the library will be installed to `/usr/local/lib`, which may not be
in your library path. You can change this by modifying the `$prefix` in the
`config.ninja` or by overriding the `$(PREFIX)` variable for the `Makefile`.

28
build.ninja Normal file
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# vim: set tabstop=2 shiftwidth=2 expandtab :
include config.ninja
rule compile
command = $cc $cflags -c -o $out $in
rule static
command = ar $arflags -- $out $in
rule shared
command = $cc --shared -o $out $in
rule install
command = cp -- $in $out
build ./readopt.o: compile ./readopt.c
build $static: static ./readopt.o
build $shared: shared ./readopt.o
build $destdir/$lib/$static: install $static
build $destdir/$lib/$shared: install $shared
build $destdir/$incl/$header: install $header
build install: phony $destdir/$lib/$static $destdir/$lib/$shared $destdir/$incl/$header
build all: phony $static $shared
default all

15
config.ninja Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
# vim: set tabstop=2 shiftwidth=2 expandtab :
destdir =
prefix = /usr/local/
lib = $prefix/lib/
incl = $prefix/include/
cc = cc
macros = -D _POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L -D NDEBUG
cflags = --std=c99 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -g $macros -O2
arflags = -rcs
header = ./readopt.h
static = ./libreadopt.a
shared = ./libreadopt.so

650
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#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "readopt.h"
static enum readopt_status parse_arg(struct readopt_parser *rp, char *arg);
static enum readopt_status parse_opt(struct readopt_parser *rp, enum readopt_form form, char **pos);
static struct readopt_opt *match_opt(struct readopt_parser *rp, enum readopt_form form, char **needle);
static struct readopt_opt *match_finish(struct readopt_parser *rp, char **needle, char *cmp, struct readopt_opt *opt);
static enum readopt_status update_opt(struct readopt_parser *rp, char *attach, struct readopt_opt *opt);
static enum readopt_status update_oper(struct readopt_parser *rp, struct readopt_view_strings val);
static enum readopt_status assign_opers(struct readopt_parser *rp);
static enum readopt_status add_val(struct readopt_parser *rp, struct readopt_oper *oper, char *str, int end);
static char *skip_incl(const char *inner, char *outer);
static enum readopt_status occ_opt(struct readopt_parser *rp, struct readopt_opt *opt);
/* permutes the argument list to store a value for an option or operand */
static void permute_val(struct readopt_parser *rp, struct readopt_view_strings *target, char *val, int end);
static void incr_between(char **start, char **stop, struct readopt_view_strings *curr, struct readopt_view_strings *exclude);
static void permute_rest(char **target, struct readopt_view_strings start);
static void format_usage_opts(struct readopt_format_context *ctx, struct readopt_opt *opts);
static void format_usage_opers(struct readopt_format_context *ctx, struct readopt_oper *opers);
struct readopt_answer
readopt_parse_all(struct readopt_parser *rp)
{
struct readopt_answer answer;
do
answer = readopt_parse(rp);
while (!answer.end && answer.status == READOPT_STATUS_SUCCESS);
return answer;
}
struct readopt_answer
readopt_parse(struct readopt_parser *rp)
{
/* check whether the current offset is at the end of argv */
size_t off = rp->state.curr.arg - rp->args.strings;
if (off >= rp->args.len) {
if (rp->state.pending)
/* the last specified option required an argument, but has been ignored */
return (struct readopt_answer){1, READOPT_STATUS_NOVAL};
for (size_t i = 0; readopt_validate_opt(rp->opts + i); i++)
if (!readopt_validate_within(&rp->opts[i].cont.oper))
return (struct readopt_answer){1, READOPT_STATUS_RANGEOPT};
return (struct readopt_answer){1, assign_opers(rp)};
}
if (rp->state.pending) {
enum readopt_status status = add_val(rp, &rp->state.curr.opt->cont.oper, *rp->state.curr.arg, 0);
++rp->state.curr.arg;
return (struct readopt_answer){0, status};
}
enum readopt_status status = parse_arg(rp, *rp->state.curr.arg);
/* if grouped options are still being parsed, they should not be discarded */
if (!rp->state.grppos)
++rp->state.curr.arg;
return (struct readopt_answer){0, status};
}
static enum readopt_status
parse_arg(struct readopt_parser *rp, char *arg)
{
/* parse the next option in the grouped option string, which automatically advances it */
if (rp->state.grppos) {
enum readopt_status s = parse_opt(rp, READOPT_FORM_SHORT, &rp->state.grppos);
if (!*rp->state.grppos) {
rp->state.grppos = NULL;
}
return s;
}
char *pos = arg;
switch (*pos) {
case '-':
++pos;
switch (*pos) {
case '-':
++pos;
switch (*pos) {
size_t off;
case '\0':
/* "--" denotes the end of options */
off = rp->args.len - (rp->state.curr.arg - rp->args.strings);
assert(off);
if (off == 1) {
/* no operands after the "--" */
return READOPT_STATUS_SUCCESS;
} else {
enum readopt_status s = update_oper(rp, (struct readopt_view_strings){
.len = off - 1,
.strings = rp->state.curr.arg + 1
});
rp->state.curr.arg = rp->args.strings + rp->args.len - 1;
return s;
}
default:
return parse_opt(rp, READOPT_FORM_LONG, &pos);
}
case '\0':
return update_oper(rp, (struct readopt_view_strings){.len = 1, .strings = (char *[]){arg}});
default:
return parse_opt(rp, READOPT_FORM_SHORT, &pos);
}
default:
return update_oper(rp, (struct readopt_view_strings){.len = 1, .strings = (char *[]){arg}});
}
}
static enum readopt_status
parse_opt(struct readopt_parser *rp, enum readopt_form form, char **pos)
{
struct readopt_opt *match;
assert(form == READOPT_FORM_SHORT || form == READOPT_FORM_LONG);
if (form == READOPT_FORM_SHORT) {
match = match_opt(rp, form, pos);
if (match) {
char *strpos = *pos;
if (!match->cont.req && *strpos) {
rp->state.grppos = strpos;
return update_opt(rp, NULL, match);
}
return update_opt(rp, *strpos ? strpos : NULL, match);
} else {
return READOPT_STATUS_NOTOPT;
}
} else {
/* match and advance pos to the end of the match */
match = match_opt(rp, form, pos);
if (match) {
switch (**pos) {
case '\0':
return update_opt(rp, NULL, match);
case '=':
++(*pos);
return update_opt(rp, *pos, match);
default:
return READOPT_STATUS_NOTOPT;
}
} else {
return READOPT_STATUS_NOTOPT;
}
}
}
static struct readopt_opt *
match_opt(struct readopt_parser *rp, enum readopt_form form, char **needle)
{
/* structure representing the last, inexact match */
struct {
/* the current advanced string */
char *adv;
/* current option */
struct readopt_opt *opt;
} loose = {0};
struct readopt_opt *haystack = rp->opts;
for (size_t i = 0; readopt_validate_opt(haystack + i); i++) {
/* iterate through all names (null-terminated) of the current option with the correct form */
char **names = haystack[i].names[form];
if (!names)
/* ignore the option as it does not have names in the required form */
continue;
char *cmp = loose.adv;
for (size_t j = 0; names[j]; j++) {
char *name = names[j];
cmp = skip_incl(name, *needle);
if (!cmp)
continue;
if (!*cmp)
/* a guaranteed match */
return match_finish(rp, needle, cmp, haystack + i);
else if ((cmp - *needle) > (loose.adv - *needle))
/* maybe a match */
loose.adv = cmp, loose.opt = haystack + i;
}
}
return match_finish(rp, needle, loose.adv, loose.opt);
}
static struct readopt_opt *
match_finish(struct readopt_parser *rp, char **needle, char *adv, struct readopt_opt *opt)
{
if (adv)
*needle = adv;
if (opt)
rp->state.curr.opt = opt;
return opt;
}
static enum readopt_status
update_opt(struct readopt_parser *rp, char *attach, struct readopt_opt *opt)
{
if (opt->cont.req) {
if (attach) {
/* --opt=value, --opt=, -ovalue */
struct readopt_oper *curr = &rp->state.curr.opt->cont.oper;
return occ_opt(rp, opt) == READOPT_STATUS_SUCCESS ? add_val(rp, curr, attach, 0) : READOPT_STATUS_SUCCESS;
} else {
/* --opt value, -o value */
rp->state.pending = 1;
return occ_opt(rp, opt);
}
} else {
enum readopt_status s = occ_opt(rp, opt);
return attach ? READOPT_STATUS_NOTREQ : s;
}
}
static enum readopt_status
update_oper(struct readopt_parser *rp, struct readopt_view_strings val)
{
assert(val.len && val.strings);
if (val.len == 1) {
++rp->state.curr.ioper.len;
permute_val(rp, &rp->state.curr.ioper, val.strings[0], 1);
} else {
permute_rest(rp->state.curr.eoval, val);
rp->state.curr.ioper.len += val.len;
}
return READOPT_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}
static enum readopt_status
assign_opers(struct readopt_parser *rp)
{
size_t count = rp->state.curr.ioper.len;
size_t nlower = 0;
size_t nupper = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; readopt_validate_oper(rp->opers + i); i++) {
nlower += readopt_select_lower(rp->opers[i].bounds);
nupper += readopt_select_upper(rp->opers[i].bounds);
}
if (count < nlower)
return READOPT_STATUS_RANGEOPER;
struct {
size_t extra;
size_t req;
} rest = {
count - nlower,
nlower
};
for (size_t i = 0; readopt_validate_oper(rp->opers + i); i++) {
if (count == 0 || !rp->opers[i].val.strings) {
size_t off = count - (rest.extra + rest.req);
rp->opers[i].val.strings = rp->state.curr.ioper.strings + off;
}
size_t lower = readopt_select_lower(rp->opers[i].bounds);
size_t upper = readopt_select_upper(rp->opers[i].bounds);
int inf = rp->opers[i].bounds.inf;
size_t add;
/* add required elements */
add = rest.req > lower ? lower : rest.req;
rp->opers[i].val.len += add, rest.req -= add;
/* add optional elements */
add = inf ? rest.extra : rest.extra > upper ? upper : rest.extra;
rp->opers[i].val.len += add, rest.extra -= add;
}
return rest.extra || rest.req ? READOPT_STATUS_RANGEOPER : READOPT_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}
static enum readopt_status
add_val(struct readopt_parser *rp, struct readopt_oper *oper, char *string, int end)
{
rp->state.pending = 0;
if (!readopt_validate_within(oper))
return READOPT_STATUS_RANGEOPT;
permute_val(rp, &oper->val, string, end);
return READOPT_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}
static char *
skip_incl(const char *inner, char *outer)
{
while (*inner == *outer) {
if (!*inner)
return outer;
++inner, ++outer;
}
return !*inner ? outer : NULL;
}
static enum readopt_status
occ_opt(struct readopt_parser *rp, struct readopt_opt *opt)
{
assert(opt);
rp->state.curr.opt = opt;
++rp->state.curr.opt->cont.oper.val.len;
return READOPT_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}
static void
permute_val(struct readopt_parser *rp, struct readopt_view_strings *target, char *val, int end)
{
if (!target->strings)
/* fallback position when no value has been set yet */
target->strings = rp->state.curr.eoval - (end ? 0 : rp->state.curr.ioper.len);
char **pos = target->strings + (target->len - 1);
assert(rp->state.curr.arg >= rp->state.curr.eoval);
memmove(pos + 1, pos, (rp->state.curr.eoval - pos) * sizeof *pos);
*pos = val;
++rp->state.curr.eoval;
char **start = pos, **stop = rp->state.curr.eoval;
/* increment all value pointers in the operands and options which are between start and stop, inclusive */
for (size_t i = 0; readopt_validate_opt(rp->opts + i); i++)
incr_between(start, stop, &rp->opts[i].cont.oper.val, target);
incr_between(start, stop, &rp->state.curr.ioper, target);
}
static void
incr_between(char **start, char **stop, struct readopt_view_strings *curr, struct readopt_view_strings *exclude)
{
if (curr->strings >= start && curr->strings <= stop && curr != exclude)
++curr->strings;
}
static void
permute_rest(char **target, struct readopt_view_strings start)
{
memmove(target, start.strings, start.len * sizeof *start.strings);
}
void
readopt_parser_init(struct readopt_parser *rp, struct readopt_opt *opts, struct readopt_oper *opers, struct readopt_view_strings args)
{
*rp = (struct readopt_parser){
.args = args,
.opts = opts,
.opers = opers,
.state.curr = {
.arg = args.strings,
.eoval = args.strings
}
};
}
struct readopt_parser
readopt_parser_create(struct readopt_opt *opts, struct readopt_oper *opers, struct readopt_view_strings args)
{
struct readopt_parser rp = {0};
readopt_parser_init(&rp, opts, opers, args);
return rp;
}
int
readopt_validate_opt(struct readopt_opt *opt)
{
assert(opt);
return opt->names[0] || opt->names[1];
}
int
readopt_validate_oper(struct readopt_oper *oper)
{
assert(oper);
return !!oper->name;
}
int
readopt_validate_within(struct readopt_oper *oper)
{
size_t occ = oper->val.len;
size_t upper = readopt_select_upper(oper->bounds);
size_t lower = readopt_select_lower(oper->bounds);
return occ >= lower && (occ <= upper || oper->bounds.inf);
}
size_t
readopt_select_upper(struct readopt_bounds bounds)
{
return bounds.val[0] > bounds.val[1] ? bounds.val[0] : bounds.val[1];
}
size_t
readopt_select_lower(struct readopt_bounds bounds)
{
return bounds.inf ? readopt_select_upper(bounds) : bounds.val[0] < bounds.val[1] ? bounds.val[0] : bounds.val[1];
}
char *
readopt_keyval(char *s)
{
while (*s != '=') ++s;
*s = '\0';
return ++s;
}
int
readopt_put_status(enum readopt_status status, struct readopt_write_context *ctx)
{
const char *s;
switch (status) {
case READOPT_STATUS_SUCCESS: s = "Success"; break;
case READOPT_STATUS_NOVAL: s = "Option did not receive its required value"; break;
case READOPT_STATUS_NOTREQ: s = "No value required for option"; break;
case READOPT_STATUS_NOTOPT: s = "Specified option does not exist"; break;
case READOPT_STATUS_RANGEOPT: s = "Option(s) are not within the defined limits"; break;
case READOPT_STATUS_RANGEOPER: s = "Operand(s) are not within the defined limits"; break;
default: return 0;
}
readopt_write_string(ctx, s);
return 1;
}
void
readopt_put_usage(struct readopt_parser *rp, struct readopt_format_context *ctx)
{
assert(ctx->fmt == READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC || ctx->fmt == READOPT_FORMAT_PLAIN);
ctx->esc.needles = "-";
ctx->esc.pre = '\\';
format_usage_opts(ctx, rp->opts);
format_usage_opers(ctx, rp->opers);
}
static void
format_usage_opts(struct readopt_format_context *ctx, struct readopt_opt *opts)
{
int nxvalid = readopt_validate_opt(opts);
for (size_t i = 0; nxvalid; i++) {
nxvalid = readopt_validate_opt(opts + i + 1);
size_t lower = readopt_select_lower(opts[i].cont.oper.bounds);
size_t upper = readopt_select_upper(opts[i].cont.oper.bounds);
int inf = opts[i].cont.oper.bounds.inf;
size_t nforms = sizeof opts[i].names / sizeof *opts[i].names;
for (size_t j = 0; j < (upper ? upper : !!inf); j++) {
readopt_cond_write_char(READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC, ctx, '.');
if (j >= lower) {
readopt_cond_write_string(READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC, ctx, "Op ");
readopt_cond_write_char(READOPT_FORMAT_PLAIN, ctx, '[');
}
for (size_t k = 0; k < nforms; k++) {
int grp = 0;
if (opts[i].names[k]) {
for (size_t l = 0; opts[i].names[k][l]; l++) {
if (!grp) {
readopt_cond_write_string(READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC, ctx, "Fl \\&");
if (k == READOPT_FORM_SHORT) {
readopt_cond_write_char(READOPT_FORMAT_PLAIN, ctx, '-');
}
if (k == READOPT_FORM_LONG) {
readopt_cond_write_string(READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC, ctx, "\\-");
readopt_cond_write_string(READOPT_FORMAT_PLAIN, ctx, "--");
}
}
readopt_cond_write_esc_string(READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC, ctx, opts[i].names[k][l]);
readopt_cond_write_string(READOPT_FORMAT_PLAIN, ctx, opts[i].names[k][l]);
if (k == READOPT_FORM_SHORT) {
grp = 1;
if (!opts[i].names[k][l + 1]) {
readopt_cond_write_char(READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC, ctx, ' ');
readopt_write_string(ctx->wr, ", ");
}
continue;
} else if (k + 1 < nforms || opts[i].names[k][l + 1]) {
readopt_cond_write_char(READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC, ctx, ' ');
readopt_write_string(ctx->wr, ", ");
} else {
if (opts[i].cont.req){
readopt_write_char(ctx->wr, ' ');
readopt_cond_write_string(READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC, ctx, "Ar ");
if (opts[i].cont.oper.name) {
readopt_cond_write_esc_string(READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC, ctx, opts[i].cont.oper.name);
readopt_cond_write_string(READOPT_FORMAT_PLAIN, ctx, opts[i].cont.oper.name);
} else {
readopt_write_string(ctx->wr, "value");
}
if (inf) {
readopt_cond_write_char(READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC, ctx, ' ');
readopt_write_string(ctx->wr, "...");
}
}
}
}
}
}
if (j >= lower) {
readopt_cond_write_char(READOPT_FORMAT_PLAIN, ctx, ']');
}
readopt_cond_write_char(READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC, ctx, '\n');
readopt_cond_write_char(READOPT_FORMAT_PLAIN, ctx, ' ');
}
}
}
static void
format_usage_opers(struct readopt_format_context *ctx, struct readopt_oper *opers)
{
int nxvalid = readopt_validate_oper(opers);
for (size_t i = 0; nxvalid; i++) {
nxvalid = readopt_validate_oper(opers + i + 1);
size_t lower = readopt_select_lower(opers[i].bounds);
size_t upper = readopt_select_upper(opers[i].bounds);
int inf = opers[i].bounds.inf;
for (size_t j = 0; j < lower; j++) {
readopt_cond_write_string(READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC, ctx, ".Ar \\&");
readopt_cond_write_esc_string(READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC, ctx, opers[i].name);
readopt_cond_write_string(READOPT_FORMAT_PLAIN, ctx, opers[i].name);
if (inf && j + 1 == lower) {
readopt_cond_write_char(READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC, ctx, ' ');
readopt_write_string(ctx->wr, "...");
}
if (nxvalid) {
readopt_cond_write_char(READOPT_FORMAT_PLAIN, ctx, ' ');
}
readopt_cond_write_char(READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC, ctx, '\n');
}
size_t amt = upper ? upper : inf ? lower + 1 : 0;
for (size_t j = lower; j < amt; j++) {
readopt_cond_write_string(READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC, ctx, ".Op Ar \\&");
readopt_cond_write_char(READOPT_FORMAT_PLAIN, ctx, '[');
readopt_cond_write_esc_string(READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC, ctx, opers[i].name);
readopt_cond_write_string(READOPT_FORMAT_PLAIN, ctx, opers[i].name);
if (inf && j + 1 == amt) {
readopt_cond_write_char(READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC, ctx, ' ');
readopt_write_string(ctx->wr, "...");
}
readopt_cond_write_char(READOPT_FORMAT_PLAIN, ctx, ']');
if (nxvalid) {
readopt_cond_write_char(READOPT_FORMAT_PLAIN, ctx, ' ');
}
readopt_cond_write_char(READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC, ctx, '\n');
}
}
}
void
readopt_cond_write_esc_string(enum readopt_format desired, struct readopt_format_context *ctx, const char *string)
{
if (ctx->fmt == desired) readopt_write_esc_string(ctx, string);
}
void
readopt_cond_write_string(enum readopt_format desired, struct readopt_format_context *ctx, const char *string)
{
if (ctx->fmt == desired) readopt_write_string(ctx->wr, string);
}
void
readopt_cond_write_char(enum readopt_format desired, struct readopt_format_context *ctx, char ch)
{
if (ctx->fmt == desired) readopt_write_char(ctx->wr, ch);
}
void
readopt_write_esc_string(struct readopt_format_context *ctx, const char *string)
{
char *s = (char *)string;
for (; *s; ++s) {
if (strchr(ctx->esc.needles, *s) && *s) {
readopt_write_char(ctx->wr, ctx->esc.pre);
}
readopt_write_char(ctx->wr, *s);
}
}
void
readopt_write_string(struct readopt_write_context *ctx, const char *string)
{
ctx->src.len = strlen(string);
ctx->src.payload = string;
readopt_write_stream(ctx);
}
void
readopt_write_char(struct readopt_write_context *ctx, char ch)
{
ctx->src.len = sizeof (ch);
ctx->src.payload = &ch;
readopt_write_stream(ctx);
}
void
readopt_write_stream(struct readopt_write_context *ctx)
{
while (ctx->callback && (ctx->src.len > ctx->dest.size || !ctx->dest.stream))
if (!ctx->callback(ctx))
return;
ctx->written += fwrite(ctx->src.payload, ctx->src.len, 1, ctx->dest.stream);
}

140
readopt.h Normal file
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#pragma once
#include <stdio.h>
#define READOPT_ALLOC_STRINGS(...) ((char *[]){__VA_ARGS__, NULL})
enum readopt_status {
READOPT_STATUS_SUCCESS,
READOPT_STATUS_NOVAL,
READOPT_STATUS_NOTREQ,
READOPT_STATUS_NOTOPT,
READOPT_STATUS_RANGEOPT,
READOPT_STATUS_RANGEOPER
};
enum readopt_form {
READOPT_FORM_SHORT,
READOPT_FORM_LONG
};
enum readopt_format {
READOPT_FORMAT_PLAIN,
READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC,
};
struct readopt_view_strings {
char **strings;
size_t len;
};
struct readopt_bounds {
/* upper val will be ignored if inf is non-zero */
size_t val[2];
int inf;
};
struct readopt_oper {
char *name;
struct readopt_bounds bounds;
struct readopt_view_strings val;
};
struct readopt_opt {
/* two null-terminated arrays of either long or short option names */
char **names[2];
struct {
int req;
/* oper.name is the name of the value itself (not the option), such as "file" in "--config=file" */
struct readopt_oper oper;
} cont;
};
struct readopt_parser {
struct readopt_opt *opts;
struct readopt_oper *opers;
struct readopt_view_strings args;
struct {
int pending;
char *grppos;
struct {
struct readopt_opt *opt;
/* reference to the current argument being parsed */
char **arg;
/* reference to the last element of the option/operand value view */
char **eoval;
/* intermediate operands which have not yet been assigned */
struct readopt_view_strings ioper;
} curr;
} state;
};
struct readopt_answer {
int end;
enum readopt_status status;
};
struct readopt_write_context {
size_t written;
void *additional;
struct {
FILE *stream;
size_t size;
} dest;
struct {
const char *payload;
size_t len;
} src;
/* returning 0 means that the current string will not be written */
int (*callback)(struct readopt_write_context *);
};
struct readopt_format_context {
enum readopt_format fmt;
struct {
const char *needles;
char pre;
} esc;
struct readopt_write_context *wr;
};
/* parse everything at once until either an error occurs or the parsing process was successful */
struct readopt_answer readopt_parse_all(struct readopt_parser *rp);
/* iteratively parse the arguments */
struct readopt_answer readopt_parse(struct readopt_parser *rp);
/* args should always exclude the first element, like this: {.strings = argv + 1, .len = argc - 1} */
void readopt_parser_init(struct readopt_parser *rp, struct readopt_opt *opts, struct readopt_oper *opers, struct readopt_view_strings args);
/* args should always exclude the first element, like this: {.strings = argv + 1, .len = argc - 1} */
struct readopt_parser readopt_parser_create(struct readopt_opt *opts, struct readopt_oper *opers, struct readopt_view_strings args);
/* check whether the argument is a valid option (can be used to check for the end of an array of options) */
int readopt_validate_opt(struct readopt_opt *opt);
/* check whether the argument is a valid operand (can be used to check for the end of an array of operands) */
int readopt_validate_oper(struct readopt_oper *oper);
/* check whether the operand's values are within the defined limits */
int readopt_validate_within(struct readopt_oper *oper);
/* get the upper limit */
size_t readopt_select_upper(struct readopt_bounds bounds);
/* get the lower limit (this does not always return the minimum, if e.g. .val is {0, 1} and inf != 0, then 1 will be considered the lower limit as well as the upper limit) */
size_t readopt_select_lower(struct readopt_bounds bounds);
/* pass a string like "thing=value" and get "value" back */
char *readopt_keyval(char *s);
/* write the passed status as a string via ctx */
int readopt_put_status(enum readopt_status status, struct readopt_write_context *ctx);
/* write the usage string, either as plaintext or mdoc format */
void readopt_put_usage(struct readopt_parser *rp, struct readopt_format_context *ctx);
void readopt_write_stream(struct readopt_write_context *ctx);
void readopt_write_string(struct readopt_write_context *ctx, const char *string);
void readopt_write_char(struct readopt_write_context *ctx, char ch);
void readopt_cond_write_string(enum readopt_format desired, struct readopt_format_context *ctx, const char *string);
void readopt_cond_write_char(enum readopt_format desired, struct readopt_format_context *ctx, char ch);
void readopt_write_esc_string(struct readopt_format_context *ctx, const char *string);
void readopt_cond_write_esc_string(enum readopt_format desired, struct readopt_format_context *ctx, const char *string);

23
test/Makefile Normal file
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CC = cc
LDFLAGS = -lreadopt
MACROS = -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L
CFLAGS = $(MACROS) --std=c99 -O2 -g -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic
SOURCES = test.c
OBJECTS = $(SOURCES:.c=.o)
RM = rm -f --
CP = cp --
all: test
%.o: %.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $<
test: $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(LDFLAGS)
clean:
$(RM) $(OBJECTS)
.PHONY: clean

16
test/build.ninja Normal file
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# vim: set tabstop=2 shiftwidth=2 expandtab :
include config.ninja
rule compile
command = $cc $cflags -c -o $out $in
rule link
command = $cc $cflags -o $out $in $ldflags $ldlibs
build ./test.o: compile ./test.c
build $target: link ./test.o
build all: phony $target
default all

9
test/config.ninja Normal file
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# vim: set tabstop=2 shiftwidth=2 expandtab :
cc = cc
macros = -D _POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L -D NDEBUG
cflags = --std=c99 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -g $macros -O2
ldflags =
ldlibs = -lreadopt
target = ./test

198
test/test.c Normal file
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <readopt.h>
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if (!*argv)
return EXIT_FAILURE;
struct readopt_opt opts[] = {
{
.names = {
[READOPT_FORM_SHORT] = READOPT_ALLOC_STRINGS("e", "x"),
[READOPT_FORM_LONG] = READOPT_ALLOC_STRINGS("expr", "expression")
},
.cont = {
.req = 1,
.oper.bounds.val = {1, 4}
}
},
{
.names = {
[READOPT_FORM_SHORT] = READOPT_ALLOC_STRINGS("c"),
[READOPT_FORM_LONG] = READOPT_ALLOC_STRINGS("config")
},
.cont = {
.req = 1,
.oper = {
.name = "file",
.bounds.val = {2},
}
}
},
{
.names = {
[READOPT_FORM_SHORT] = READOPT_ALLOC_STRINGS("i"),
[READOPT_FORM_LONG] = READOPT_ALLOC_STRINGS("uri")
},
.cont = {
.req = 1,
.oper.bounds.inf = 1
}
},
{
.names = {
[READOPT_FORM_SHORT] = READOPT_ALLOC_STRINGS("b"),
[READOPT_FORM_LONG] = READOPT_ALLOC_STRINGS("backup", "backup-file")
},
.cont = {
.req = 1,
.oper.bounds.inf = 1
}
},
{
.names = {
[READOPT_FORM_SHORT] = READOPT_ALLOC_STRINGS("v"),
[READOPT_FORM_LONG] = READOPT_ALLOC_STRINGS("verbose")
},
.cont.oper.bounds.val = {3}
},
{
.names = {
[READOPT_FORM_SHORT] = READOPT_ALLOC_STRINGS("s"),
[READOPT_FORM_LONG] = READOPT_ALLOC_STRINGS("sort")
},
.cont.oper.bounds.inf = 1
},
{
.names = {
[READOPT_FORM_LONG] = READOPT_ALLOC_STRINGS("help")
},
.cont.oper.bounds.val = {1}
},
{
.names = {
[READOPT_FORM_SHORT] = READOPT_ALLOC_STRINGS("V"),
[READOPT_FORM_LONG] = READOPT_ALLOC_STRINGS("version")
},
.cont.oper.bounds.val = {1}
},
{0}
};
struct readopt_oper opers[] = {
{
.name = "pattern",
.bounds.inf = 1
},
{
.name = "file",
.bounds = {
.val = {1},
.inf = 1
}
},
{
.name = "name",
.bounds = {
.val = {1},
.inf = 1
}
},
{0}
};
struct readopt_parser rp = readopt_parser_create(
opts,
opers,
(struct readopt_view_strings){
.strings = argv + 1,
.len = argc - 1
}
);
struct readopt_answer answer = readopt_parse_all(&rp);
fputs("status: ", stderr);
readopt_put_status(answer.status, &(struct readopt_write_context){
.dest.stream = stderr
});
fputc('\n', stderr);
if (answer.status != READOPT_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
printf("opt:\n");
{
struct readopt_opt *curr = rp.opts;
for (size_t i = 0; readopt_validate_opt(curr + i); i++) {
for (size_t j = 0; j < sizeof curr[i].names / sizeof *curr[i].names; j++) {
if (curr[i].names[j]) {
for (size_t k = 0; curr[i].names[j][k]; k++) {
printf("%s ", curr[i].names[j][k]);
}
}
}
printf("{ [%zu] ", curr[i].cont.oper.val.len);
if (curr[i].cont.req) {
struct readopt_view_strings val = curr[i].cont.oper.val;
for (size_t j = 0; j < val.len; j++) {
printf("%s ", val.strings[j]);
}
}
printf("}\n");
}
}
printf("oper:\n");
{
struct readopt_oper *curr = rp.opers;
for (size_t i = 0; readopt_validate_oper(curr + i); i++) {
printf("%s { [%zu] ", curr[i].name, curr[i].val.len);
for (size_t j = 0; j < curr[i].val.len; j++) {
printf("%s ", curr[i].val.strings[j]);
}
printf("}\n");
}
}
printf("usage (plain) (stream):\n");
readopt_put_usage(&rp, &(struct readopt_format_context){
.fmt = READOPT_FORMAT_PLAIN,
.wr = &(struct readopt_write_context){
.dest.stream = stdout,
}
});
printf("\nusage (mdoc) (stream):\n");
readopt_put_usage(&rp, &(struct readopt_format_context){
.fmt = READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC,
.wr = &(struct readopt_write_context){
.dest.stream = stdout,
}
});
size_t sz = 0;
char *buf = NULL;
/* alternatively, use fmemopen and increase the buffer size via the callback */
FILE *stream = open_memstream(&buf, &sz);
readopt_put_usage(&rp, &(struct readopt_format_context){
.fmt = READOPT_FORMAT_MDOC,
.wr = &(struct readopt_write_context){
.dest = {
.stream = stream,
.size = SIZE_MAX
}
}
});
fflush(stream);
printf("usage (mdoc) (buffer):\n%s", buf);
fclose(stream);
free(buf);
return 0;
}

35
test/test.sh Executable file
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#!/bin/sh
./test \
-e a \
--expr b \
c \
-xd \
e \
--expression=f \
g \
-c h \
--config=i \
--uri j \
k \
-il \
-b m \
--backup n \
--backup-file=o \
p \
q \
-vv \
r \
-v \
-s \
s \
t \
--sort \
u \
v \
--help \
w \
--version \
-- \
x \
y \
z